STRUCT
描述
根据给定的值构造并返回 struct。函数接受一个或多个参数,返回一个包含所有输入元素的结构体。
语法
STRUCT( <expr1> [ , <expr2> ... ] )
参数
<expr1>, <expr2>, ...
:构造 struct 的输入内容,支持一个或多个参数
支持的元素类型:
- 数值类型:TINYINT、SMALLINT、INT、BIGINT、LARGEINT、FLOAT、DOUBLE、DECIMAL
- 字符串类型:CHAR、VARCHAR、STRING
- 日期时间类型:DATE、DATETIME、DATEV2、DATETIMEV2
- 布尔类型:BOOLEAN
- IP 类型:IPV4、IPV6
- 复杂类型:ARRAY、MAP、STRUCT
返回值
返回类型:STRUCT
返回值含义:
- 返回一个包含所有输入元素的结构体,字段名默认为 col1, col2, col3, ... 格式
- 所有字段都支持 NULL 值
使用说明
- 函数会将所有输入元素组合成一个结构体
- 至少需要一个参数
- 所有字段都标记为可空(nullable)
举例
查询示例:
基本用法:创建包含混合类型的结构体,并且字段有 null
select struct(1, 'a', "abc"),struct(null, 1, null),struct(cast('2023-03-16' as datetime));
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| struct(1, 'a', "abc") | struct(null, 1, null) | struct(cast('2023-03-16' as datetime)) |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
| {"col1":1, "col2":"a", "col3":"abc"} | {"col1":null, "col2":1, "col3":null} | {"col1":"2023-03-16 00:00:00"} |
+--------------------------------------+--------------------------------------+----------------------------------------+
创建包含复杂类型的结构体:
select struct([1,2,3], {'name':'Alice','age':20}, named_struct('f1',1,'f2',2));
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| struct([1,2,3], {'name':'Alice','age':20}, named_struct('f1',1,'f2',2)) |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"col1":[1, 2, 3], "col2":{"name":"Alice", "age":"20"}, "col3":{"f1":1, "f2":2}} |
+----------------------------------------------------------------------------------+
创建包含 IP 地址的结构体:
select struct(cast('192.168.1.1' as ipv4), cast('2001:db8::1' as ipv6));
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| struct(cast('192.168.1.1' as ipv4), cast('2001:db8::1' as ipv6)) |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
| {"col1":"192.168.1.1", "col2":"2001:db8::1"} |
+------------------------------------------------------------------+
错误示例
不支持的类型会报错: 创建包含 Json/Variant 类型
select struct(v) from var_with_index;
ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = struct does not support jsonb/variant type
select struct(cast(1 as jsonb)) from var_with_index;
ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = struct does not support jsonb/variant type
创建空的struct 会报错,至少有一个参数,和 hive 行为保持一致:
select struct();
ERROR 1105 (HY000): errCode = 2, detailMessage = struct requires at least one argument, like: struct(1)